An electric car is a type of alternative fuel car that utilizes electric motors and motor controllers instead of an internal combustion engine (ICE). The electric power is usually derived from battery packs in the vehicle. In general terms, an electric car is a rechargeable battery electric vehicle.
Vehicles using both electric motors and other types of engine are known as hybrid electric vehicles and are not considered pure electric vehicles (EVs).The REVA is currently commercialized in India, in the UK (since 2003), and in several other European countries (including Cyprus and Greece, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Norway, and Malta). In most countries the REVA is classified as an electric quadricycle. More REVAs have been produced than any other currently selling electric car.
The top-speed of electric cars could be 200-230 kmph. The minimum speed of these vehicles is 40 kmph.
Vehicles using both electric motors and Internal Combustion Engines are examples of hybrid vehicles, and are not considered pure electric vehicles (also called all-electric vehicles) because they operate in a charge-sustaining mode. Hybrid vehicles with batteries that can be charged externally to displace some or all of their ICE power and gasoline fuel are called plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and are pure EVs during their charge-depleting mode. If batteries cannot be charged externally, the vehicles are called regular hybrids.
The safety issues of battery electric vehicles are largely dealt with by the international standard ISO 6469.
* On-board electrical energy storage, i.e. the battery
* Functional safety means and protection against failures
* Protection of persons against electrical hazards.
by
Raja N V
Sunday, April 12, 2009
HOW TO CREATE YOUR OWN HAPPINESS
Who decides whether we shall be happy or unhappy? It’s none other than us. Usually we like persons who are radiant and happy.
How to be happy? It’s not a big secret. When we get up in the morning we have two choices either to be happy or to be unhappy. It’s just to choose to be happy and that’s all there is to do. This may seem to be an oversimplification and it may appear superficial.
You can be unhappy if you want to be. It is the easiest thing in the world to accomplish. Just choose unhappiness. Go around telling nothing is satisfactory and you can be quite sure of being unhappy. But, say to yourself things are going nicely. Life is good. I choose happiness and you can be quite certain of having it.
Children are more expert in happiness than adults. The adult who can carry the spirit of a child into middle and old age is a genius for he will preserve the truly happy spirit with which God endowed the young. Jesus Christ is remarkable for he tells us that the way to live in this world is to have the childlike heart and mind. Never get old or dull or jaded in spirit. Don’t become super sophisticated.
The happiness habit is developed by practicing happy thinking. Make a mental list of happy thoughts and pass it over your mind everyday. If an unhappiness thought enters your mind, stop immediately and eject it and substitute happy thought consciously. In the morning lie relaxed in the bed and deliberately drop happy thoughts in your conscious mind. Also nothing can be attained without the help of spiritual power.
So one who attains spiritual feeling internally will surely develop happiness creating ideas. One can live a complete life only if they attain an unalloyed happiness. So enjoy each and every moment and attain a complete life.
Posted by,
S.Abinaya.
How to be happy? It’s not a big secret. When we get up in the morning we have two choices either to be happy or to be unhappy. It’s just to choose to be happy and that’s all there is to do. This may seem to be an oversimplification and it may appear superficial.
You can be unhappy if you want to be. It is the easiest thing in the world to accomplish. Just choose unhappiness. Go around telling nothing is satisfactory and you can be quite sure of being unhappy. But, say to yourself things are going nicely. Life is good. I choose happiness and you can be quite certain of having it.
Children are more expert in happiness than adults. The adult who can carry the spirit of a child into middle and old age is a genius for he will preserve the truly happy spirit with which God endowed the young. Jesus Christ is remarkable for he tells us that the way to live in this world is to have the childlike heart and mind. Never get old or dull or jaded in spirit. Don’t become super sophisticated.
The happiness habit is developed by practicing happy thinking. Make a mental list of happy thoughts and pass it over your mind everyday. If an unhappiness thought enters your mind, stop immediately and eject it and substitute happy thought consciously. In the morning lie relaxed in the bed and deliberately drop happy thoughts in your conscious mind. Also nothing can be attained without the help of spiritual power.
So one who attains spiritual feeling internally will surely develop happiness creating ideas. One can live a complete life only if they attain an unalloyed happiness. So enjoy each and every moment and attain a complete life.
Posted by,
S.Abinaya.
Saturday, April 11, 2009
COMPUTER
INTRODUCTION:
The computer is an electronic machine.It is capable of storing instruction and information. In a single second it can carry out millions of operations and calculations.
The computer's memory can store thousands of instructions when needed these data can be speedily traced and retrived...The computer is widely used because of its speed and accuracy of composition......
MODERN LIFE:
Computers were first used to carry out scientific tasks.Today the use of the computer in science and engineering is immeasurable....Satellites are guided and controlled by computers...They are used in the construction of buildings and bridges...Large scale printing of newspaper by photo type setting is carried out with the help of computers.....
IN ALL WALKS OF LIFE:
The computer is largely used in business and administration....It is used for stock control, insurance and bank accounting....The computer is used in the analysis of census and criminals records...In advanced countries small computers are used at home for domestic accounting, game playing and learning.....
CONCLUSION:
But in a country like India where human resources are in excess there is a great reistance to the instruction of computers...It is feared that we will be deprived of employement oppurtunities once the computers make their entry....There is some truth in it.....But at the same time the ushering in of the computer will create new job oppurtunities connected with computer production....So let us wipe out our fears and roll out the welcome mat to this wonder machine....
C.SASIREKHA
The computer is an electronic machine.It is capable of storing instruction and information. In a single second it can carry out millions of operations and calculations.
The computer's memory can store thousands of instructions when needed these data can be speedily traced and retrived...The computer is widely used because of its speed and accuracy of composition......
MODERN LIFE:
Computers were first used to carry out scientific tasks.Today the use of the computer in science and engineering is immeasurable....Satellites are guided and controlled by computers...They are used in the construction of buildings and bridges...Large scale printing of newspaper by photo type setting is carried out with the help of computers.....
IN ALL WALKS OF LIFE:
The computer is largely used in business and administration....It is used for stock control, insurance and bank accounting....The computer is used in the analysis of census and criminals records...In advanced countries small computers are used at home for domestic accounting, game playing and learning.....
CONCLUSION:
But in a country like India where human resources are in excess there is a great reistance to the instruction of computers...It is feared that we will be deprived of employement oppurtunities once the computers make their entry....There is some truth in it.....But at the same time the ushering in of the computer will create new job oppurtunities connected with computer production....So let us wipe out our fears and roll out the welcome mat to this wonder machine....
C.SASIREKHA
MY FATHER
"A Superior man is modest in his speech, but exceeds in his action"
-Confucius
While we came to know something about this world.., everyone of us will consider his/her father as a rolemodel. I too consider my father as my rolemodel...
The famous saying "Matha, Pitha, Guru, Theivam" describes the importance of father very much.. My father is my first Guru (Teacher).....
My father has shown me everything including my identity and individuality, for today's world.
He never teaches me everything in the beginning but he used to teach me through his thoughts and actions only.....
I learnt the importance of wisdom than knowledge from my father only.. He has not even completed his school education, but his actions of reading good books and following the good deeds in those books, throughout his life stimulated myself to read social books right from my childhood...
He taught me to live a selfless life, by knowing the joys and sorrows of the society and also to care them...
He removed all my fears which have been following me from my childhood..I have learnt to face any difficulties with confidence and boldness, from my father only....
He has also carved my way of thinking....
My father is my guide to pursue my aim and to reach my destination....
ALWAYS WITH HIS BLESSINGS...............
M.Pradeepadevi.
Monday, April 6, 2009
GREAT HIMALAYAS
- Himalayas is largest mountain range in asia, separating Indian subcontinet from the tibetan plateau.It contain world's highest peak, Eight-thousanders, which include Mount Everest and K2. whereas the Himalayan system includes over 100 mountains exceeding 7,200 meters (23,622 feet).
- It extend to six countries Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Some of the world's major rivers, the Indus, the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Yangtze.
- The Himalayan range encompasses about 15,000 glaciers, which store about 12,000 km3 of freshwater. The 70 km long Siachen Glacier at the India-Pakistan border is the second longest glacier in the world outside the polar region.
- Some of the other more famous glaciers include the Gangotri and Yamunotri (Uttarakhand), Nubra, Biafo and Baltoro (Karakoram region), Zemu (Sikkim) and Khumbu glaciers (Mount Everest region).
- The Himalaya region is dotted with hundreds of lakes. Most lakes are found at altitudes of less than 5,000 m, with the size of the lakes diminishing with altitude.The largest lake is the Pangong Tso, which is spread across the border between India and Tibet. It is situated at an altitude of 4,600 m, and is 8 km wide and nearly 134 km long.
- IMPACT ON CLIMATE:
- The Himalayas have a profound effect on the climate of the Indian subcontinent and the Tibeta plateau. They prevent frigid, dry Arctic winds blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding temperate regions in the other continents. It also forms a barrier for the monsoon winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy rainfall in the Terai region. The Himalayas are also believed to play an important part in the formation of Central Asian deserts such as the Taklamakan and Gobi deserts.
- SOME NOTEABLE PEAKS IN HIMALAYAS:
PEAK NAME ELEVATION(m) ELEVATION(ft)
Everest 8,848 29,035
K2 8,611 28,251
Kangchenjunga 8,586 28,169
Lhotse 8,516 27,940
Makalu 8,462 27,765
Cho Oyu 8,201 26,905
Dhaulagiri 8,167 26,764
Manasula 8,156 26,758
As we now that climate change in world cause allthing including Himalayas
so, save our world wonder mountain ......
By
M.Suresh Kumar.
Sunday, April 5, 2009
Memorable Moment
Ø The word ‘Tsunami’ is of Japanese origin, which means,“harbour wave”.
Ø The state of Tamil Nadu has been the worst affected on the mainland, with a death toll of 7,793. Nagapattinam district has had 5,525 casualties, with entire villages having been destroyed. Kanyakumari district has had 808 deaths, Cuddalore district 599, the state capital Chennai 206 and Kancheepuram district 124. The death tolls in other districts were Pudukkottai (15), Ramanathapuram (6), Tirunelveli (4), Thoothukudi (3), Tiruvallur (28), Thanjavur (22), Tiruvarur (10) and Viluppuram (47).
Ø Those killed in Kanyakumari include pilgrims taking a holy dip in the sea. Of about 700 people trapped at the Vivekananda Rock Memorial off Kanyakumari, 650 were rescued. In Chennai, people playing on the Marina beach and those who taking a Sunday morning stroll were washed away, in addition to the fisherfolk who lived along the shore and those out at sea. The death toll at Velankanni in Nagapattinam district is currently 1,500. Most of these people were visiting the Basilica of the Virgin Mary for Christmas, while others were residents of the town.
Ø Tsunami are large waves that are generated when the see floor is deformed by seismic activity, vertically displacing the overlying water in the ocean.
Ø The quake occurred at a place where several massive geological plates push against each other with massive force.
Ø Tsunami has very low height while traveling over deep ocean.
Ø High waves occur only when it reaches the shallow waters, typically near the coast. The mega thrust earthquake-measuring 9.0 at Richter scale, off the western coast of northern Sumatra (Banda Ache), Indonesia was the largest of its type since the 9.2 magnitude Good Friday earthquake off Alaska in 1964.
Ø The deadliest natural disaster caused by the tsunami generated from an undersea earthquake on 26 December 2004 in the Indian Ocean has shaken up the world. The 2004 tsunami generated waves of up to 15 meters in height and even hit Somalia at a distance of about 4500 km west of the epicenter.
Ø Almost all the countries situated around the Bay of Bengal were affected by the tsunami waves in the morning hours of 26 December 2004 (between 0900 – 1030 hrs IST).
Ø The killer waves were triggered by an earthquake measuring 8.9 on the Richter scale that had an epicenter near the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.
Ø The first recorded tsunami in India dates back to 31 December 1881. An earthquake of magnitude 7.5 on the Richter scale, with its epicenter believed to have been under the sea off the coast of Car Nicobar Island, caused the tsunami.
Tsunami in Tamil Nadu
Ø The quake occurred at a place where several massive geological plates push against each other with massive force.
Ø Tsunami has very low height while traveling over deep ocean.
Ø High waves occur only when it reaches the shallow waters, typically near the coast. The mega thrust earthquake-measuring 9.0 at Richter scale, off the western coast of northern Sumatra (Banda Ache), Indonesia was the largest of its type since the 9.2 magnitude Good Friday earthquake off Alaska in 1964.
Ø The deadliest natural disaster caused by the tsunami generated from an undersea earthquake on 26 December 2004 in the Indian Ocean has shaken up the world. The 2004 tsunami generated waves of up to 15 meters in height and even hit Somalia at a distance of about 4500 km west of the epicenter.
Ø Almost all the countries situated around the Bay of Bengal were affected by the tsunami waves in the morning hours of 26 December 2004 (between 0900 – 1030 hrs IST).
Ø The killer waves were triggered by an earthquake measuring 8.9 on the Richter scale that had an epicenter near the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia.
Ø The first recorded tsunami in India dates back to 31 December 1881. An earthquake of magnitude 7.5 on the Richter scale, with its epicenter believed to have been under the sea off the coast of Car Nicobar Island, caused the tsunami.
Tsunami in Tamil Nadu
Ø The state of Tamil Nadu has been the worst affected on the mainland, with a death toll of 7,793. Nagapattinam district has had 5,525 casualties, with entire villages having been destroyed. Kanyakumari district has had 808 deaths, Cuddalore district 599, the state capital Chennai 206 and Kancheepuram district 124. The death tolls in other districts were Pudukkottai (15), Ramanathapuram (6), Tirunelveli (4), Thoothukudi (3), Tiruvallur (28), Thanjavur (22), Tiruvarur (10) and Viluppuram (47).
Ø Those killed in Kanyakumari include pilgrims taking a holy dip in the sea. Of about 700 people trapped at the Vivekananda Rock Memorial off Kanyakumari, 650 were rescued. In Chennai, people playing on the Marina beach and those who taking a Sunday morning stroll were washed away, in addition to the fisherfolk who lived along the shore and those out at sea. The death toll at Velankanni in Nagapattinam district is currently 1,500. Most of these people were visiting the Basilica of the Virgin Mary for Christmas, while others were residents of the town.
By,
Murali.M
Friday, April 3, 2009
CHARLIE CHAPLIN
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin, Jr. KBE (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977), better known as Charlie Chaplin, was an Academy Award-winning English comedic actor and filmmaker. Chaplin became one of the most famous actors as well as a notable filmmaker, composer and musician in the early to mid "Classical Hollywood" era of American cinema.
Chaplin acted in, directed, scripted, produced and eventually scored his own films as one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. His working life in entertainment spanned over 65 years, from the Victorian stage and the Music Hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer almost until his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, Chaplin co-founded United Artists in 1919.
In a review of the book Chaplin: A Life (2008), Martin Sieff writes: "Chaplin was not just 'big', he was gigantic. In 1915, he burst onto a war-torn world bringing it the gift of comedy, laughter and relief while it was tearing itself apart through World War I. Over the next 25 years, through the Great Depression and the rise of Hitler, he stayed on the job. He was bigger than anybody. It is doubtful any individual has ever given more entertainment, pleasure and relief to so many human beings when they needed it the most."[2]
Chaplin acted in, directed, scripted, produced and eventually scored his own films as one of the most creative and influential personalities of the silent-film era. His working life in entertainment spanned over 65 years, from the Victorian stage and the Music Hall in the United Kingdom as a child performer almost until his death at the age of 88. His high-profile public and private life encompassed both adulation and controversy. With Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D. W. Griffith, Chaplin co-founded United Artists in 1919.
In a review of the book Chaplin: A Life (2008), Martin Sieff writes: "Chaplin was not just 'big', he was gigantic. In 1915, he burst onto a war-torn world bringing it the gift of comedy, laughter and relief while it was tearing itself apart through World War I. Over the next 25 years, through the Great Depression and the rise of Hitler, he stayed on the job. He was bigger than anybody. It is doubtful any individual has ever given more entertainment, pleasure and relief to so many human beings when they needed it the most."[2]
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
